When it comes to braking you should always try to slow down gradually and smoothly. Safe and controlled braking is vital in good driving.
If you anticipate properly, you'll seldom need to brake fiercely. Good anticipation will give you time to brake progressively over a longer distance. Late harsh braking is a sure sign of poor anticipation and reduced safety margins.
Braking shifts the balance of weight of the vehicle forward and makes steering more difficult. If you have to brake hard, try to do so when you're traveling in a straight line:
Remember, the greater the speed that you are traveling when you brake:
a. The more difficult it is to control the vehicle
b. The greater the distance you need to stop the vehicle
You should always try to consider
a. The safety and peace of mind of everyone concerned, including your passengers
b. Wear and tear on brakes, tires and suspension
c. Following vehicles whose brakes might not be as powerful as yours.
Avoid braking on bends; braking on a bend can have serious consequences. The weight of the vehicle is thrown outwards as well as forwards. The front tire on the outside of the curve will be over-loaded and the car could be thrown into a severe skid. Road surface conditions can have a big effect in these situations. Watch for uneven, loose or slippery surfaces.
Think well ahead to avoid the need for harsh, uncontrolled braking. You should never drive too fast or too close to the car in front of you. Other drivers might be affected by your actions. Always use your mirrors before braking and give yourself plenty of space.
Always consider:
a. Your own speed of reaction,
b. The mechanical condition of your car – brakes, steering and suspension
c. The type, condition and pressure of your tires
d. The size and weight of your car and its load
e. The gradient of the road
f. Whether the road has a camber or bend
g. The weather conditions and visibility
h. The road surface. Is it smooth, rough, loose, wet, muddy or even covered with wet leaves, ice or snow?
Five rules for good braking:
a. Anticipate. Think and look well ahead
b. Know your own limitations and those of your vehicle
c. Give yourself plenty of time and distance to brake progressively
d. Take note of the state of the road and its surface
e. Avoid the risk of skidding, rather than trying to control it
If the car behind you is too close, don't brake suddenly as this could cause an accident, slow down gradually!